Abstract:At present, with the development of new diagnostic technologies, the detection rate of aortic dissection has been increasing year by year, but its mortality rate still remains high. Cardiovascular disease is a chronic inflammatory disease, and vascular inflammation plays a major role in the progression of aortic dissection. Therefore, this article systematically describes the specific roles and mechanisms of inflammatory cells, inflammatory factors, and inflammasomes in the development of aortic dissection.

Abstract:Atherosclerosis (As) is one of the main causes of death in the global population. The main causes are hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, etc. However, after avoiding traditional risks, As may still progress. In recent years, the role of microbial infection factors in As has been increasingly valued. This article reviews the correlation between infection and As, and focuses on introducing the research progress on the mechanisms by which microbial infections such as Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and cytomegalovirus promote the development of As, aiming to discover the correlation between microbial infections and As and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of As.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the correlation between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 489 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, and all of them were examined by head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA). Based on the degree of stenosis in these patients, they were classified into three groups:no stenosis group, mild stenosis group (stenosis＜50%), moderate stenosis group (stenosis≥50% and ＜70%), severe stenosis group (stenosis≥70%), and the patients baseline data, blood lipids, blood routine, etc., were recorded and statistically analyzed. Multivariate binary Logistic regression was used to explore the independent influences on whether stenosis occurred. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to explore the independent influences on the degree of stenosis. The ROC curve was used to explore the efficacy of SII in detecting intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Results Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis found that age (OR＝1.185, P＜0.05), SII (OR＝1.482, P＜0.05), gender (OR＝2.721, P＝0.003), hypertension (OR＝3.119, P＜0.001) were independent risk factors for intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hs-CRP (OR＝1.197, P＝0.011), SII (OR＝1.379, P＜0.001) and Hcy (OR＝1.517, P＝0.013) significantly affected the degree of vascular stenosis. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of SII was 0.747, and the best cut-off value of SII was 447.89. Spearman correlation analysis showed that SII level was significantly positively correlated with the severity of intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (r＝0.4,0.482, P＜0.05). Conclusion SII level is positively correlated with the degree of intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in patients with cerebral infarction, and has a certain predictive value for intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

Abstract:Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common disease affecting the heart valves, characterized by thickening, fibrosis, and mineralization of the aortic valve leaflets. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment. Aortic valve calcification is a complex and multifactorial process involving valve inflammation, fibrosis, calcification, valve thickening and outflow tract obstruction. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of CAVD are not fully understood, but many studies have suggested that innate immune cells play a key role in the development of aortic valve calcification. This review focuses on the current role of innate immune cells in the development of CAVD.

Abstract:Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a series of clinical imaging pathological syndromes caused by various etiologies affecting cerebral small vessels, which have the characteristics of insidious onset, high incidence and easy recurrence. Insulin resistance (IR) is a decrease in the bodys sensitivity to insulin. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that IR is associated with the occurrence and development of imaging features of CSVD, but the mechanism is still unclear. This article reviews the relationship between IR and cerebral small vessel disease and its possible mechanism, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of cerebral small vessel disease.

Abstract:Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe disease caused by the persistent coronary artery obstruction, posing a great threat to peoples health. In recent years, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an important pattern recognition receptor, has been widely studied and found to play a crucial role in AMI. This review introduces the recent progress of TLR4 in regulating the progression and prognosis of AMI, and summarizes recent TLR4-targeted therapies using clinical drugs, TLR4 inhibitors, mesenchymal stem cells, and natural bioactive molecules, providing valuable insights for addressing myocardial damage caused by AMI and improving prognosis.

Abstract:Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular wall disease and the most common pathological change in cardiovascular disease. Its pathogenesis is closely related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid deposition. Bilirubin itself has biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. This article summarizes the mechanism of bilirubin in the development of atherosclerosis and its research progress.

Abstract:Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) comprised of 692 amino acids is the ninth member of protease family. It binds to the low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR), leading to elevated levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC), which can lead to a number of cardiovascular diseases, and among then the relationship with cardiovascular calcification has recently received attention. Cardiovascular calcification is a kind of ectopic mineralisation in the cardiovascular system, which is mainly characterised by the production of mineral deposits in the vascular wall and vascular valves, and its pathogenesis is related to lipoprotein content, platelet activity, matrix vesicle (MV) release and inflammation, through which PCSK9 may be involved in the occurrence of cardiovascular calcification.Therefore, this article reviews the relationship between PCSK9 and cardiovascular calcification, emphasizing the specific role of PCSK9 in affecting cardiovascular calcification through various pathways, assisting in setting up emerging applications of PCSK9 amid vessel biological science and recognize innovative molecular mechanisms for its treatment.

Abstract:Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries, involving multiple complex pathogenic factors. In recent years, numerous research trends in atherosclerosis, such as inflammation, gut microbiota, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, cuproptosis, exosome and non-coding RNA have emerged.This article aims to review the recent advancements in these research directions, with the hope of opening new avenues for the mechanism of atherosclerosis and the treatment of diseases related to atherosclerosis.

Abstract:In the study of cardiovascular diseases, Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is the only mammalian 1-Cys member of the Peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family and has attracted much attention. PRDX6 plays a unique role in oxidative stress due to its peroxidase activity and phospholipase A2 activity, and has been shown to participate in redox homeostasis and phospholipid metabolism. In recent years, the role of PRDX6 in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases has received great attention. However, there is no unified understanding of the function of PRDX6 in the cardiovascular system at present. This article aims to briefly summarize the research progress of PRDX6 in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and systematically review the expression changes, mechanism of action, and possible therapeutic potential of PRDX6 in these cardiovascular diseases, hoping to provide new ideas and strategies for cardiovascular diseases intervention.