Abstract:Gout is a common disease caused by the deposition of sodium urate crystals in joints or other tissues, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing year by year. Hyperuricemia is the most important risk factor for gout. In recent years, many epidemiological and empirical studies have confirmed that gout is closely related to the occurrence and death of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. Dual-energy CT, as a new non-invasive imaging modality, can specifically and quantitatively display urate crystals, and has become an effective tool for the diagnosis of gout in recent years, and some studies have found its clinical value in the diagnosis of cardiovascular damage in gout. This review analyzes the complex correlation between gout and cardiovascular diseases, and the advantages and application value of dual-energy CT in the diagnosis of cardiovascular damage in gout.

Abstract:Aim GEO database was used to explore the common pathogenesis of gout complicated with atherosclerosis (As). Methods The gene expression matrices of gout (GSE160170) and As (GSE100927) were downloaded from the GEO database, the differentially expressed genes (DEG) of gout and As were analyzed, and enrichment analysis was performed separately. After analyzing the common differentially expressed genes (CDEG), functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and hub genes (HG) identification were performed on them, and co-expression analysis and validation were performed on hub genes. Finally, the immune cell infiltration of gout and As was analyzed, and the correlation between hub genes and infiltrating immune cells (IIC) was explored. Results The GSE160170 dataset obtained 1 606 differentially expressed genes, while the GSE100927 dataset obtained 481 differentially expressed genes. The enrichment analysis of 22 differentially expressed genes showed that the regulation of cytokines may be the key mechanism of gout complicated with As. Six hub genes (CCR2, CD2, FCGR3A, FGD3, IL10RA, SIGLEC1) were identified using the CytoHubba plugin, and the validation results of these hub genes showed that they were still reliable. The co-expression network showed that these hub genes could affect the regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokines. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the expression of NK cells in gout was significantly increased, and was significantly related to CCR2 gene. The expression of living fertilizer large cells in As was significantly increased, and was significantly related to CD2 gene. Conclusion The regulatory effect of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokines may be the core factor of gout complicated with As.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the effect of Tongfengkangding granule(TG) on anti-gout and the acute toxicity effect.Methods Sixty Kunming mouse were randomly divided into six groups(n=10): the normal goup,the hyperuricemia model group,high TG(12 g/kg),middle TG group(6 g/kg) and low TG group(3 g/kg),the allopurinol group(50 mg/kg).The treatment groups were orally administered once per day separately,the hyperuricemia model mouse was induced by injection of the pre-substance of hypoxanthine intraperitoneally.Serum uric acid level was determined,the effect of TG in rats with adjuvant arthritis induced by sodium urate,analgesic effect of TG in mouse with writhing test,and the acute toxicity effect of TG were investigated.Results The serum uric acid level was obviously decreased in hyperuricemia mouse treated with 12 g/kg TG(P<0.05),which could inhibit acute inflammation in model animals and had significant effect on analgesia,and obvious toxic reaction was not observed and the maximum dose was 121.50 g/kg for mice in acute toxicity experiment.Conclusion TG had a remarkable effect on hyperuricemia and anti-gout,and oral application had a high security.

Abstract:Aim To study the feasibility and mechanism of probucol in resolution of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal-induced arthritis. Methods A rat model of acute gouty arthritis was induced with the injection of MSU into rat ankle joint cavity. The effects of probucol on arthritis were investigated through observing clinical features,the synovial fluid white blood cell count and interleukin-1β(IL-1β). IL-1β concentration of culture medium was observed after the 18 h intervention with probucol in THP-1 monocytes while stimulated by MSU. Results The degree of joint swelling decreased gradually from probucol low-dose group to high-dose group and there was signifanct difference between mid-dose and hign-dose probucol groups and model group at 72h(P<0.05). The synovial fluid white blood cell count and IL-1β declined in varying degrees in probucol groups compar with the model group. Synovial fluid white blood cell count of probucol mid-dose and high-dose group decreased significantly,comparing with the model group (P<0.01,P<0.001). IL-1β of probucol high-dose group decreased significantly comparing with the model group (P<0.05). Probucol group showed no inhibition on IL-1β secretion of the THP-1 human monocyte cells. Conclusion The mid-dose and hign-dose probucol can effectively control acute gouty arthritis attack and the effect is dependent on dose,but the effect is not produced by inhibiting IL-1β secretion of THP-1 monocytes after the uptaking the MSU.

Abstract:Aim To study clinical features and connection in cerebrovascular disease incorporated gout. Methods We retrospective investigated 376 with stroke patients and 150 cases gout patients from February 1998 to May 2000. All patients were admitted to the medicine treatment and were examined by brain CT or MRI, biochemical and serological assessment. Results There were fifteen cases with cerebrovascular disease incorporated gout, fourteen were male, one case female. The average age was 69.3 years. Nine patients were infarcted brain, four patients were transient ischemic attack (TIA) and two patients were hemorrhage, another four patients were recurrent stroke. Conclusions Stroke incorporated gout is higher in foreland and male. Ischemic strokes were higher. They were usually associated with hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and high serum cholesterol. Stroke attack was linked with acute gout attack. Gout is probably the main risk factor for cerebrovascular disease in foreland and male.