Abstract:Aim To observe the level of apolipoprotein CⅢ(ApoCⅢ) in the serum between the patients with acute myocardial infarction and non-coronary heart disease whether they were significantly different, and to explore its clinical significance. Methods A total of 110 patients were enrolled. They were divided into acute myocardial infarction group and non-coronary heart disease group, including 84 people in acute myocardial infarction group, and 26 people in non-coronary heart disease group. The clinical data of patients during hospitalization were collected, including general information such as age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking history, and blood biochemical index data, including serum troponin I(cTnI), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), uric acid(UA), homocysteine, serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), ejection fraction (EF), and serum inflammation index data, including serum cystatin C (CysC) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The levels of serum apolipoprotein CⅢ in each patient were measured. Results Compared with non-coronary heart disease group (P<0.05), there were more males in the myocardial infarction group, and smoking rate was higher than that of non-coronary heart disease group (P<0.05). Serum cTnI and serum BNP in patients with myocardial infarction were higher than those in non-coronary heart disease group (P<0.05), while HDLC and EF were lower than those of non-coronary heart disease group (P<0.05). The levels of serum CysC, hs-CRP and apolipoprotein CⅢ in the myocardial infarction group were significantly higher than those in the non-coronary heart disease group (P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between apolipoprotein CIII and sex, smoking history, HDLC, cTnI, BNP, EF, CysC, hs-CRP which were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion The levels of serum apolipoprotein CⅢ in patients with acute myocardial infarction were significantly higher than those in patients without coronary heart disease. Considering that apolipoprotein CⅢ promotes the formation of atherosclerosis by affecting blood lipid metabolism and the process involves a variety of inflammatory mediators, apolipoprotein CⅢ may be a predictor of inflammatory response to acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract:Apolipoprotein CⅢ (ApoCⅢ) not only participates in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis cardiovascular diseases(ASCVD) through lipid metabolism disorders, but also has been recognized as an independent factor of inflammatory and atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have found that ApoCⅢ was linked with cardiovascular disease(CVD), and its cellular effects related with CVD are also confirmed in basic research. Fortunately, in addition to traditional therapeutic strategies, such as lifestyle changes and lipid-lowering drug treatments, antisense oligonucleotides specifically targeting ApoCⅢ mRNA have opened the door to a new era of reducing ApoCⅢ and the treatment of CVD. Therefore, this paper summarizes the clinical significance of ApoCⅢ and the future treatment direction.

Abstract:High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) is regarded as an important protective factor against cardiovascular disease. There is an inverse relationship between its serum levels and risk of cardiovascular disease. However, in cardiovascular disease, diverse components of the high density lipoprotein(HDL) proteins,lipids or microRNAs suffer alterations, which propel a shift towards a dysfunctional state, where HDL becomes proatherogenic, prooxidant, and proinflammatory. This review is to summarize the structural and functional changes of the dysfunctional high density lipoprotein.

Abstract:Aim To construct the apolipoprotein CⅢ(ApoCⅢ) transgenic mice, and to hybridize with low density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR) knockout mice susceptible to atherosclerosis； To obtain the ApoCⅢ transgene＋LDLR defect(ApoCⅢ＋LDLR―/―) mice model； To study the effect of ApoCⅢ on atherosclerosis and its potential mechanism.Methods ApoCⅢ＋LDLR―/― mice and LDLR―/― mice were fed with high fat diet for 3 months. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, lipid peroxidation products(8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde) and glutathione levels were detected. The whole aorta and aortic sinus of the mice were stained with oil red O and dihydroethidium(DHE). The RNA and protein in aorta were extracted and the expressions of related genes were analyzed. Results After feeding high fat diet, plasma triglyceride level in ApoCⅢ＋LDLR―/― mice was apparently higher than that in LDLR―/― mice, but there was no significant difference in total cholesterol levels. Whole aorta and aortic sinus dyeing showed a significant increase of atherosclerotic plaque. Plasma lipid peroxidation products(8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde) increased significantly and antioxidant glutathione reduced significantly in ApoCⅢ＋LDLR―/― mice. Aortic DHE staining showed that the level of reactive oxygen species increased significantly. The mRNA and protein expressions of the genes related to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress were significantly increased in the aorta. The results prompted that ApoCⅢ could increase arterial oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby promoting the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion ApoCⅢ has the role of promoting atherosclerosis, and its mechanism may be related to the increases of overall oxidative stress level and arterial wall oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress level.