Abstract:Liquid-liquid phase separation is an important process in which intracellular biomolecules condense to form membraneless organelles, playing a significant role in cell signaling and gene expression regulation. Studies have shown that liquid-liquid phase separation may be involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and has potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. This article introduces the concept and mechanism of liquid-liquid phase separation, delves into the relationship between liquid-liquid phase separation and atherosclerosis, summarizes the progress of liquid-liquid phase separation in atherosclerosis research, and looks forward to its application prospects.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the modeling methods and application of atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque (VP) animal model. Methods The related literature about VP animal modeling published in CNKI, Pubmed and Wanfang databases from October 2016 to October 2021 were retrieved. The modeling animals, modeling methods, modeling cycles, model evaluation methods and corresponding detection indexes in the literatures were statistically analyzed. Results The most commonly used experimental animals were mice with apolipoprotein E gene deficient at 6～12 weeks, New Zealand white rabbits at 12～16 weeks, and familial hypercholesterolemia pigs at 34 weeks. Modeling methods were followed by high-fat and high-cholesterol diet induction, arterial ligation, or combined with aortic endothelial balloon strain, chemical triggering, immune induction, etc. The modeling cycle ranged from 8 weeks to 1 year, with 12 to 18 weeks being the most. The evaluation methods were mostly pathological staining, combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and other methods; color Doppler ultrasound, cardiac perfusion imaging and in vivo live cell tracking technology were used for VP live detection. Conclusion High-fat and high-cholesterol diet feeding, or combined with surgical injury to establish VP model has good reproducibility. If a cost-effective in vivo detection method can be developed, the research efficiency of atherosclerotic diseases will be greatly improved.

Abstract:Aim In order to investigate the effect of local application of prostaglandin E1(PGE1)-loaded fibrin glue on intimal hyperplasia after balloon-induced injury to common carotid artery in rabbits. Methods Forty healthy male white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control group,PGE1 group,fibrin glue group and normal group.Each group had 10 rabbits.The right common carotid artery endothelial was denuded with balloon catheter,and the intima was injured.Two weeks after intervention,the models were sacrificed and defined segments were sectioned and measured by means of morphology and immunohistochemistry.The images were digitalized by computer video analysis system.Meanwhile the phenotypes of the vascular smooth muscle cells were observed with electron microscope. Results The intimal areas,the degree of the vascular stricture,the expression of PCNA in smooth muscle cells and the number of synthetic smooth muscle cells in PGE1 group decreased significantly compared with the control group(all p<0.01).No significant deviation was found between control group and fibrin glue group(p>0.05). Conclusions PGE1 can significantly suppress the intimal hyperplasia and inhibit smooth muscle cells proliferation in injured arterial by local fibrin glue.Thus,PGE1 may have potentially clinical prospect in prevention and treatment of restenosis after angioplasty.