Abstract:Aim To explore the risk factors of atherosclerosis (As) in young and middle-aged premenopausal women by detecting the biochemical indicators and other exposure factors of young and middle-aged premenopausal women.Methods Young women (≤50 years old) who underwent physical examination in the Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University from January 2013 to March 2016 were involved into this study. 390 young premenopausal women were enrolled, aged 26-50 years old, with an average of (45.6±4.4) years old. Carotid arteries of all the cases were assessed using PHILIPS iE 33 color Doppler echocardiography system with the liner probe of 7.5-10 MHz frequency. The arterial intima-media thickness and plaque were measured and recorded. According to the echo results, the cases were divided into 2 groups:As group (n＝191) and Control group (n＝199). Detailed inquiries were made on the past medical history and family genetic history of all the selected subjects, and blood pressure, height and body mass were measured. The indexes of blood lipid, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, inorganic ions, liver function, kidney function, thyroid function, blood cell analysis and urine analysis were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. Results The differences of age, grade 3 hypertension, diabetes history, long-term drinking history, smoking history (including passive smoking), family history of early onset coronary heart disease, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, β2 microglobulin, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, urinary glucose, bicarbonate, chloride ion were statistically significant between the As group and the control group (P＜0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of As in young, middle-aged and premenopausal women was positively correlated with age, grade 3 hypertension, diabetes history, long-term drinking history, smoking history (including passive smoking), family history of early coronary heart disease, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, β2 microglobulin, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, urinary glucose, blood bicarbonate, etc. Further multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, grade 3 hypertension, long-term drinking history, smoking history (including passive smoking), family history of early onset coronary heart disease and elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol were independent risk factors for As in young and middle-aged women. Conclusion Age, grade 3 hypertension, long-term drinking history, smoking history (including passive smoking), family history of early onset coronary heart disease and elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol are independent risk factors for As in young and middle-aged premenopausal women.

Abstract:Aim To explore the relationship between high density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle and coronary artery lesions in premenopausal and postmenopausal female patients with coronary artery disease. Methods Data were collected from 79 female patients with coronary artery disease diagnosed by coronary angiography. According to whether menopause, the patients were divided into premenopausal group (n＝37) and postmenopausal group (n＝42). HDL particles and LDL particles were detected and analyzed by Lipoprint lipoprotein analyzer.The relationship between two lipoprotein particles and severity of coronary artery lesions was studied. Results Compared with the premenopausal group, large particle HDL concentration (102.6±45.2 mg/L vs 143.8±49.7 mg/L, P＜0.05) and its proportion (23.34%±8.26% vs 31.15%±7.98%, P＜0.05), and mean diameter of LDL particles (259.5±8.1 vs 265.7±3.7, P＜0.05) were decreased, small particle HDL concentration (124.0±76.8 mg/L vs 87.0±34.9 mg/L, P＜0.05) and its proportion (27.26%±12.34% vs 18.62%±6.53%, P＜0.05),Bü type proportion in LDL (73.8% vs 48.6%, P＜0.05), and Gensini score (50.88±26.46 vs 30.43±18.54, P＜0.05) were increased, in the postmenopausal group. In premenopausal group and postmenopausal group, large particle HDL concentration and the average diameter of LDL particles in patients with multivessel lesions were lower than those in patients with single vessel lesions, and the Gensini score was higher than that in patients with single vessel lesions. Large particle HDL concentration and the average diameter of LDL particles in postmenopausal group were lower than those in premenopausal group, and small particle HDL proportion and Gensini score in postmenopausal group were higher than those in premenopausal group. LDL particle size and large particle HDL concentration were negatively correlated with the Gensini score in the premenopausal group and the postmenopausal group. Conclusion Compared with the premenopausal group, large particle HDL concentration is lower, small particle HDL concentration is higher, the average diameter of LDL particle is smaller, and the degree of coronary artery lesions is more serious in the postmenopausal group. Large particle HDL concentration and the mean diameter of LDL are significantly correlated with the severity of coronary artery lesions.

Abstract:Aim To investigate the clinical features of the risk factors of premenopausal women with coronary heart disease（CHD）.Methods From October 2013 to May 2014,60 premenopausal women patients diagnosed as coronary heart disease were included. According to the coronary angiography（CAG） result,all patients were divided into CHD group （35 patients） and control group （25 patients）. All of the 60 cases were measured to determinate the level of total cholesterol （TC）,triglycerides （TG）,high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDLC）,low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDLC）,blood uric acid （UA） and routine blood,age,weight,family history of coronary heart disease,hypertension history and diabetes history in details.Results Compared with the control group,there were significant higher proportion of hypertension,family history of coronary heart disease,diabetes,systolic blood pressure （SBP） and increased TG,UA,neutrophils,monocytes levels （P<0.05） and decreased HDLC,hemoglobin（Hb） level in CHD group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed diabetes,TG,UA,SBP and decreased HDLC were independent risk factors for CHD group patients.Conclusions The study suggests that TG,hypertension,SBP,diabetes,UA and lower HDLC levels were independent risk factors for premenopausal women with coronary heart disease.