Atherosclerosis(As), a chronic inflammatory pathological lesion, is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) such as coronary heart disease, posing a serious threat to human health. Inflammatory reaction runs through the entire pathological progression of As, and exploring anti-atherosclerosis strategies from the anti-inflammatory perspective is of important significance. In recent years, Simiao Yong'an decoction and its components have been proven to exert multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, lipid regulation and vascular endothelial protection. Starting from the inflammatory theory, this paper systematically summarizes the modern mechanism of Simiao Yong'an decoction and its components against As via regulating inflammation through multiple signaling pathways, so as to provide a theoretical reference for its application in the prevention and treatment of As.