Atherosclerosis (As) is a common disease in the cardiovascular system, characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques or fibrous plaques in the vascular intima, leading to vessel wall hardening, lumen stenosis, and reduced elasticity, thereby causing ischemic changes in corresponding organs. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid compound found in various plants and fruits, possessing significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Due to the limitations of traditional lipid-lowering therapies, natural products with anti-As activity and potential benefits for human health have garnered increasing attention in recent years. The molecular mechanisms of kaempferol in combating As have been confirmed. Based on the latest research advances domestically and internationally, this article systematically reviews the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-As effects of kaempferol, elucidates its potential mechanisms of action, and aims to provide theoretical references for the prevention and treatment of As.