Research progress on phase separation in cardiovascular diseases

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Research progress on phase separation in cardiovascular diseases
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                        XIANG Yukun1,2,3XIANG Yukun
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069, China;The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-related Diseases, Beijing 100069, China;Ministry of Education & Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100069, China
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CAO Xuejie1,2,3CAO Xuejie
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069, China;The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-related Diseases, Beijing 100069, China;Ministry of Education & Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100069, China
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YU Baoqi1,2,3YU Baoqi
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069, China;The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-related Diseases, Beijing 100069, China;Ministry of Education & Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100069, China
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Affiliation:1.Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069, China;2.The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-related Diseases, Beijing 100069, China;3.Ministry of Education & Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100069, China)
Clc Number:R5
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Abstract:

In recent years, more and more studies have found that phase separation plays an important role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Phase separation refers to the process in which biological macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, spontaneously segregate into concentrated and diluted phases under certain conditions. This process creates distinct functional compartments within cells and is involved in various cellular biological functions. The driving forces of phase separation include multivalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π stacking. Key protein regions that promote phase separation include intrinsically disordered regions, low complexity domains, folded domains, and nucleic acid binding domains. This article reviews recent progress in understanding the role of phase separation in cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, myocardial fibrosis, and atherosclerosis, with a particular focus on the last five years of research. Future studies should aim to elucidate the specific mechanisms of phase separation in cardiovascular diseases and explore its potential as a therapeutic target.

Key words:cardiovascular disease; phase separation; driving forces of phase separation; gene expression regulation

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XIANG Yukun, CAO Xuejie, YU Baoqi. Research progress on phase separation in cardiovascular diseases[J]. Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Arteriosclerosis,2025,33(1):9-15.

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Received:August 09,2024
Revised:September 13,2024
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Online: January 26,2025
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