Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic stress-induced liver injury, is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, which is closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility. It is estimated that 25% of the world's population are currently diagnosed with NAFLD, which has a huge impact on socioeconomic development and people's health. The prevalence of NAFLD in different countries/regions is different based on the living customs and population genetic differences in different regions, and there are also certain differences in the diagnostic criteria and treatment plans of NAFLD in the recommendations given by the national/regional diagnosis and treatment guidelines. This article aims to compare the latest domestic and international guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD, as well as summarise the latest research advances in the treatment of NAFLD, in order to provide recommendations for the clinical management of NAFLD.