With the deepening understanding of hypertension, more and more evidence suggests that the blood pressure levels of hypertensive patients are closely related to sodium salts. The gut microbiome is made up of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa and viruses, also known as the gut microbiome, intestinal flora and its metabolites, as a hot research direction in hypertension, play an important role in the relationship between sodium and blood pressure. Excessive sodium salt can change the type and proportion of intestinal microbiota, affect the level of inflammation and metabolism of the body and accelerate the occurrence and development of hypertension. Sodium control is a low-cost and effective way to control blood pressure. This article reviews the complex relationship between sodium salts, gut microbiota, and hypertension, hoping to provide theoretical support for the prevention, treatment, and control of hypertension.