Aortic valve stenosis is one of the most common valve diseases in clinic, which can lead to increased risk of heart failure and death, and its incidence may double in the next 20 years as the population ages. At present, the preferred treatment for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis is surgery or transcatheter aortic valve replacement. However, the optimal timing of surgery for patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis is still controversial. The vigilant waiting strategy is safe and secure. It is feasible, but the risk of sudden death is almost 5% per year. Studies have found that plasma natriuretic peptide levels are related to the severity of aortic valve stenosis, the development of symptoms, and prognosis, which can help monitor disease progression and determine which patients will benefit most from early treatment intervention, thereby reducing long-term adverse events risks. This article outlines the role of natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis, clinical management, risk stratification, and potential therapeutic significance of aortic stenosis.