Annexin (ANX) is a highly conserved intracellular protein in the process of evolution. Its name originally comes from the Greek word “annexin”, meaning “to bind together”. ANX usually binds to the phospholipid of the cell membrane in a calcium-dependent manner and performs the functions of endocytosis, exocytosis, transport and signaling. Annexin A3 (ANXA3) is an important member of the ANX family, a large number of studies have found that there is an inseparable relationship between ANXA3 and the evolution of tumors. However, in recent years, with the deepening of the scientific research and development of bioinformatics technology, more and more studies have shown that ANXA3 may also play a huge role in the cardiovascular system, meanwhile, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. Therefore, the in-depth study of the specific role of ANXA3 in the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system may provide new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.