Adipose tissue plays an important role in energy storage and metabolism, which is closely related to obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and other diseases. The metabolism of adipose tissue is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. Thyroid hormone not only regulates the sympathetic nervous system, but also affects the metabolism of adipose tissue. The classical view is that the effect of thyroid hormone on adipose tissue is mostly in peripheral tissue, but recent studies have shown that thyroid hormone can also affect the metabolism of adipose tissue at the central nervous system. This paper reviews the effect of thyroid hormone on adipose tissue metabolism through sympathetic nerve, and discusses the regulation and mechanism of thyroid hormone on adipose tissue metabolism through sympathetic nerve.