Aim To observe the distribution and consistency of estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in the Kailuan study population. Methods A total of 43 235 employees with complete baseline data participated in the baPWV test. The participants were divided into the risk population and normal population according to the presence or absence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Multivariate linear regression was used to establish the regression equations between baPWV and quadratic age and mean arterial pressure in the two populations. The ePWV in the two populations was calculated according to the equations. The distribution of ePWV and baPWV was observed. The relationship between ePWV and baPWV was analyzed by paired sample t-test and linear regression. Results In the normal population, ePWV and baPWV were 11.38±0.70 m/s and 12.90±1.17 m/s, respectively. In the risk population, ePWV and baPWV were 14.29±1.85 m/s and 15.74±1.76 m/s, respectively. In the both of two populations, ePWV and baPWV increased with age, higher in men than those in women. ePWV was slightly lower than baPWV (P＜0.001). The results of linear regression analysis indicated that ePWV and baPWV had a good linear correlation in the total population, normal population and risk population, and the linear R² was 0.8,0.279 and 0.388, respectively. Conclusions ePWV and baPWV had a similar age and sex distribution. The difference was relatively small and a good linear correlation was found between ePWV and baPWV. Therefore, ePWV can be a good substitute for baPWV.