Stress refers to the adaptive changes and reconstruction of the homeostasis of the body in order to meet the corresponding needs when the body feels the strong stimulation of various factors. Oxidative stress is a stress response involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the main effector. Through oxidation, it participates in the adaptation and repair response of tissues and cells. ROS can be used as the second messenger of cell signal transduction in this process. Free radicals involved in oxidative stress include ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The stress response involving RNS can also be called nitrative stress, which is specifically manifested as increased expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and increased expression of nitric oxide (NO), which ultimately leads to activity nitrogen levels increase, and the increase in reactive nitrogen can nitrate proteins. Stress is manifested as the adaptive response of cells and the repair of tissues. Fibrotic repair is a kind of incomplete repair of tissues in the late stage of stress response. It is the main repair method of tissues containing permanent cells. It is also the adaptive response of tissues to external stimuli in the late stage of inflammatory response, which is manifested as fibrosis of tissues or organs. This review summarized the recent progress on the relationship between protein nitration and fibrosis.