As a chronic inflammatory disease of blood vessel, atherosclerosis(As)is the main cause of coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and peripheral vascular disease, which seriously threatens the health and life of human beings. As a new type of anti-inflammatory molecules of the interleukin-1 family, interleukin-37 plays an important biological function in a variety of inflammatory diseases, neoplastic disease and autoimmune diseases. The anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin-37 may be related to interleukin-18 binding protein and Smad3. Clinical and animal experiments have confirmed that interleukin-37 is involved in the development of As and may annihilate the progression of As by inhibiting the functions of macrophages, mast cells and dendritic cells.