Hyperlipidemia can damage the brain tissue, by stimulating inflammatory response, enhancing oxidative stress damage and inducting the deposition of amyloid in the brain. It can also interfere with the effect of injury (anti-injury) by generating (inhibiting) excitability of neurotransmitter and interfering with the balance of the Ca²＋. This review discusses the relationship between hyperlipidemia, brain damage and neurotransmitters according to the recent reports.