Cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to human life and health with accounting for more than 40% of the disease deaths in China, and its incidence has a tendency to rise. Therefore, it is important to develop new technologies and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nanotechnology is a novel discipline developed in this century, and it has brought new ideas and new methods together with the modern medicine, which established nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and with unique methods, it has already achieved a great significance in cardiovascular researches. This review focuses on recent advances in nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.