Simple renal cyst is the most common renal cystic disease. More and more evidence indicates that there is a correlation between simple renal cyst and hypertension. However, the relationship between hypertension and the size, location and number of renal cyst is not clear. The underlying mechanism between simple renal cyst and hypertension is unknown yet. In this review, we will summarize the relation between simple renal cyst and hypertension and possible underlying mechanisms. We aim to identify simple renal cyst as an independent predictor of hypertension and clinical intervention target.