Buyanghuanwu decoction is a traditional formula which has good efficiency on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, but its mechanism is still obscure. This paper summarized the Buyanghuanwu decoction’s mechanism on signaling pathway of aththerosclerosis including inflammatory pathway, Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway, Toll like receptor signaling pathway, matrix metalloproteinases signaling pathway and so on.