Apoprotein CⅢ exists in a variety of lipoprotein particles and has a close relationship with human hypertriglyceridemia and caidiovascular disease. The protective effects caused by mutations of apoprotein CⅢ genes even result in benefits of lower cardiovascular risk in some particular group of people. Besides its role of atherogenesis, apoprotein CⅢ also promotes inflammatory and apoptosis, which makes it a new therapeutic target for lowering risk of cardiovascular disease. This article mainly summarizes the atherogenesis and therapeutic prospective of aporotein CⅢ.