Aim To investigate the effect of rosuvastatin therapy,including duration of treatment,on coronary collateral growth in patients with advanced coronary artery disease.Methods Study population consisted of 395 （299 men,with the mean age of 65±15 years） consecutive patients who have undergone clinically indicated coronary angiography and had at least one major coronary artery stenosis of ≥95%.Coronary collaterals were graded from 0 to 3 according to the Cohen–Rentrop method and patients with grade 0～1 collateral development were regarded as having poor collateral and patients with grade 2～3 collateral development were regarded as having good collateral.Clinical data including gender,age,clinical manifestation,history of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,myocardial infarction（MI）,coronary artery bypass grafting（CABG）,somking,statin and other medicines,serum lipid level and so on.SPSS 16.0 and multivariate logistic regression were performed to statistic analysis.Results Patients with good collateral score were on rosuvastatin therapy （P<0.01）,and were more likely to have stable angina pectoris as clinical presentation（P<0.01）,and have multivessel disease（P<0.05）.Rosuvastatin therapy for less than 3 months had no effect on collateral development （P0.11） however,patients who were on statin therapy for more than 3 months had significantly better collateral（P0.003）.Diabetes mellitus was the only negative predictor for coronary collateral formation（P<0.05）.Conclusion Rosuvastatin therapy （＞3 months）,stable angina pectoris and having multivessel disease are associated with enhanced coronary collateral development in patients with advanced coronary artery disease.