Familial hypercholesterolemia （FH） is an autosomal dominant monogenic disease characterized by elevated total and low-density lipoprotein （LDL）cholesterol levels in plasma, skin and tendon xanthomata, premature cardiovascular disease （CAD）. Because of the high risk of CAD in FH patients, an early and correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment for controlling LDLC levels is crucial. According to the latest research in Europe displaying the prevalence of 1/200～1/500, it is preliminarily estimated that there are 14～34 million heterozygous FH in the world. However, <1% are diagnosed in most countries including our country. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of FH patients with higher risk of CAD have become a serious problem worldwide. This article will review the associated FH patients according to the latest international treatment guidelines, provide a basis for appropriate guidelines of our management of FH patients.