Aim To detect the serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） and transforming growth factor beta one （TGF-β1） in cerebral atherosclerosis（CAs） patients, explore the relationship between CAs degree and the extent of HGF, TGF-β1, hope to provide the basis for the intervention of exogenous HGF. Methods 71 CAs patients and 33 normal control ones were enrolled, using the double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） to detect the serum level of HGF, TGF-β1. Results The patients’ serum levels of HGF in CAs group were significantly lower than the control group （P<0.05）. Levels of serum HGF was different compared with each other in CAs groups （P<0.05）, HGF levels in the CAs groups gradually increased with the CAs degree. The patients’ serum levels of TGF-β1 in CAs group were significantly higher than the control group （P<0.001）. Levels of serum TGF-β1 was different compared with each other in CAs groups （P<0.005）, TGF-β1 levels in the CAs groups gradually decreased with the CAs degree. Conclusion There has been a dynamically reciprocal balanced relationship between HGF and TGF-β1, considering viability existing in the administration of exogenous HGF treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease caused by CAs in the future.