With the improvement of people's living standards and diet, the incidences of hyperuricemia and artery atherosclerosis increase. Research revealed that the two diseases were closely related. But the mechanism on how hyperuricemia leads to atherosclerosis is not very clear yet. Hyperuricemia may facilitate the progress of atherosclerosis through these ways: the direct effect of soluble uric acid, urate crystals inflammatory reaction, and hypercholesterolemia which enhances the correlation between high uric acid and atherosclerosis. Reduction of blood uric acid could reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis and improve the survival rate of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The improvement of the quality of long-term survival of patients undoubtedly has important clinical significance. Therefore, in-depth and extensive reseaches are necessary in elucidating the underlying mechanisms.