Aim To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome （MS） and chronic kidney disease （CKD），components of MS and CKD in the middle aged and elderly health cheakup residents of Wuhu city. Methods24095 residents was investigated in a cross-section study. There were 14616 males and 9479 females with the average age of 51.49±9.16 years old. Height，weight and blood pressure were examined，and morning urine and venous blood samples were taken for urine routine，blood glucose，total cholesterol，high density lipoprotein （HDL），low density lipoprotein （LDL），creatinine and uric acid respectively. Results The prevalence of MS and CKD was 14.1%，8.3% respectively. MS was a significant determinant of CKD （OR＝1.55，95%CI was 1.38～1.74）. In multivariate models，obesity， elevated triglycerides，low HDLC，elevated blood pressure and elevated plasma glucose were associated with an increased odds ratio （95%CI） of CKD: 1.18 （95%CI was 1.06～1.301），1.11 （95%CI was 1.00～1.23），1.27 （95%CI was 1.07～1.52），1.31 （95%CI was 1.19～1.45） and 1.15 （95%CI was 1.02～1.30）. Compared to residents without any components of the MS，the multivarated-adusted odds ratios （95%CI） of CKD were 1.21（95%CI was 1.07～1.38），1.40 （95%CI was 1.23～1.61），1.79 （95%CI was 1.54～2.09 and 2.25 （95%CI was 1.77～2.88） for those with 1，2，3，4 components，respectively. Conclusions The MS was a significant determinant of CKD in the middle aged and elderly health cheakup residents of Wuhu city，especially in the male younger residents. The prevalence of CKD were graded with the number of MS components.