Non high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC) levels reflect concentration of total atherogenic cholesterol.Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) plasma levels reflect total atherogenic particle number.Recent studies have shown that both of them could be more accurate predictors of cardiovascular risk than traditional marker low density lipoprotein cholesterol.This review is to discuss the performance of these parameters in cardiovascular risk assessment and clinical practice.