Aim To study the change of cerebral vascular in hippocampus of vascular dementia rats after hypodermic injection of basic fibroblast growth factor. Methods After the vascular dementia model was reproduced,the 12 model rats were randomly divided into basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) treatment group,normal saline treatment group.The 6 rats were in sham group.The vascular dementia rats in therapy group were treated by hypodermic injection of bFGF.After 5 weeks,abilities of learning and memory of three section rats were tested by using the Morris water maze.The changes of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in rats serum were tested.Immunochemistry staining of factor Ⅷ-related antigen(F8) was used to observe the number of nestin positive neurons in hippocampus. Results The time spent on the platform was 14.3±3.1 s,7.4±2.9 s and 12.6±2.7 s in the sham,bFGF treatment group and normal saline treatment group.The VEGF in ratsserum was 8.14±1.53,6.07±0.18,9.19±0.29.It was more significantly increased in bFGF treatment group than that in normal saline treatment group(P<0.05).The number of the F8 positive neurons in the hippocampus were 105.38+1.45,101.32+1.28,43.03+2.11.It was more significantly increased in bFGF treatment group than that in normal saline treatment group. Conclusions bFGF by hypodermic injection can migrate to hippocampus area and induce hippocampus to create cerebral vascular.bFGF can increase abilities of learning and memory of rats significantly.