The ever-increasing incidence of hypertension and the high death rate of cardiovascular diseases raise an issue of how to efficiently identify genes associated with the polygenic diseases of hypertension.Significant gender differences in hypertension have been recognized over one hundred years.Males have higher average values of blood pressure as well as higher incidence of hypertension as compared to females in many ethnic groups.Genes or genetic polymorphisms governing the higher normal value of blood pressure in males may be the susceptible factors of hypertension.Hormone related genes or imprinting genes are considered as involvement in the development of gender differences of normal blood pressure and hypertension.The gender differences in responding to pro-hypertensive or anti-hypertensive agents have clinical implications in clinical practice.Additionally,better understanding the molecular genetics of normal blood pressure differences between genders may yield the identification of genes associated with the development of hypertension and eventually benefit to the diagnosis and therapeutics of hypertension.