Aim To detect the association of estrogen receptor(ER)α gene PuvⅡ polymorphisms with severity of coronary heart disease(CHD) of Han nationalities in South China. Methods By using PCR-RFLP analysis method,ER gene types in 236 CHD patients and 117 healthy controls were detected,and the association of gene types with severity of CHD and number of involved vessel and Gensini coronary score were compared. Results The frequencies of PP,Pp and pp types of PvuⅡ polymorphism in CHD patients and controls were 19.9%,44.5% and 35.6% vs 9.4%,48.7% and 41.9%,the frequency of PP genotype in CHD was significantly higher than that of control(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the distribution frequency of three genotypes and two alleles of PvuⅡamong subgroups with different severity of disease(P>0.05),the score in PP homogeneous was significantly higher than those in Pp genotype and pp homogeneous(P<0.05). Conclusions The ER-α gene PvuⅡ polymorphism is associated with CHD and severity of CHD in Han nationality of South China.