Aim To observe the hyperlipemia rabbit hemodynamic changes in the early stage of atherosclerosis by using Doppler ultrasound at different time point. Methods 60 white big-ear rabbits were divided into two groups randomly: 15 rabbits(control group) were fed with normal rabbit chow,while 45 rabbits(experiment group) were fed with high cholesterol diet.Then each group was divided into three subgroups that were fed for 4 weeks,8 weeks and 12 weeks respectively.Hemodynamic parameters(including systolic peak velocity,diastolic velocity,pulsatility index,resistent index,diameter of systole and diastole),blood lipid levels and the pathological examination were detected at each time-point. Results Levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of experiment group increased significantly and reached peaks at 8 week,then they decreased slightly at 12 week;levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly from 8 week;triglyceride level had an obvious elevation during the experiment(P<0.01).The rabbit blood vessel diameter and resistance index were with significant difference compared with control group at the same time-point(P<0.01).Systolic peak velocity of 12 week,diastolic peak velocity of 4 week and 8 week,and pulsatility index of 4 week and 12 week of experiment group were all significant in statistics(P<0.05).Among the subgroups Dd had no significant changes;Ds changed at 4 week and 12 week(P<0.05);Vs,Vd and PI between 4 week and 12 week,8 week and 12 week were different(P<0.01 or P<0.001);RI between 4 week and other two time points,8 week and 12 week were different(P<0.01). Conclusion Hemodynamic changes of color Doppler,that presented earlier than morphology,may dynamically detect the progression of atherosclerosis,and play an important role in early diagnosis of atherosclerosis.