Aim To investigate the effect of tissue factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI) gene transfer on the migration of vascular smooth muscle cell and the mechanism of its inhibition on the restenosis. Methods Human tissue factor pathway inhibitor recombinant adenovirus and LacZ recombinant adenovirus were used to infect rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle cell respectively in vitro.The transfection efficiency was examined by X-gal staining.The exogenous tissue factor pathway inhibitor gene expression in transfected cell was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and its effect on migration was tested with slide method. Results When multiplicity of infection was 100,the transfection efficiency was 95 percent.Expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor mRNA was detected in TFPI gene transfected vascular smooth muscle cell at 3rd day after gene transfer.At the same concentration,the migration distances were remarkably reduced in tissue factor pathway inhibitor gene transfected groups compared with the control group(p<0.001),and had a dependence of concentrations. Conclusions Adenovirus has a higher transfection efficiency on the cultured vascular smooth muscle cell.Tissue factor pathway inhibitor gene transfer mediated by adenovirus can greatly inhibit the migration of cultured rabbit vascular smooth muscle cell and have a dependence of concentration.