Aim To investigate the protection of effective e lements from Scute Llaria Barbata on arterial endothelium. Methods The Wistar rats were fed with high cholesterol diet and treated with the A001 eleme nt and the B001 element of S cute Llaria Barbata for 60 days. The levels of the blood total cholesterol (TG) , triglycerides (TG), endothelin 1(ET 1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e N OS) and the positive rate of ET in "en face" preparation of arterial endotheli um were detected. Results The concentrations of TC and TG did not reduce in hyperlipidemic rats treated with both B001 and A001 . The blood ET 1, positive rate of ET in arterial endothelium and the morpholog ical injury of the arterial endothelium decreased significantly (p<0.05) and the blood eNOS increased significa ntly (p<0.05) in the hyperlipidemic rats treated with B001. The hyperlipidemic r ats treated with A001 did not show the same changes. Conclusion The B001 is the effective element of Scute Llaria Barbata, which can protect the arterial endot helium and impede the development of atherosclerosis.