Phagocytosis of lipoprotein particles mediated by low density lipoprotein receptors on the surface of hepatocytes is the main pathway for the body to clear circulating low density lipoprotein, and plays a pivotal role in maintaining the homeostasis of cholesterol metabolism in the body. This article briefly reviewed the different links of low density lipoprotein receptor trafficking, including endocytosis, sorting, degradation or recycling channels of receptor molecules, and the main regulatory factors of each link, and summarized the latest advances in related fields. At present, the development of drugs indirectly targeting low density lipoprotein receptor transcriptional regulation (statins) and drugs targeting low density lipoprotein receptor degradation (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors) have achieved tremendous success. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating low density lipoprotein receptor trafficking remains to be incomplete, especially the intracellular recycling processes and the related signaling mechanisms need more research. It is anticipated that further in-depth research in these areas may foster the discovery of new targets for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in the future.