With the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has replaced chronic hepatitis B as the leading chronic liver disease in China. In recent years, continuous exploration of the epidemiology and natural history of this disease, proposals for renaming, rapid advancements in diagnostic techniques, and continuous updates in treatment methods have propelled significant progress in the related diagnostic and therapeutic fields.Recently, experts in the Chinese Society of Hepatology revised the “Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2018 Updated Version)” and published the “Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated (Non-alcoholic) Fatty Liver Disease (Version 2024)”. The updated guideline provides guiding recommendations on important clinical issues such as renaming and sorting, screening and monitoring, diagnosis and assessment, treatment, and follow-up for this disease. This article aims to interpret the key updates in this guideline to help clinical practitioners gain a more comprehensive understanding and apply them to guide clinical practice.