Aortic aneurysm (AA) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Its pathogenesis is extremely complex. Studies have confirmed that microRNA (miRNA) can regulate numerous pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and death, in AA. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are important members of the MMP family, which also play an important role in the pathological process of AA. In recent years, it has been found that a variety of miRNA can directly or indirectly regulate the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in AA, thus affecting the occurrence and development of AA. This paper mainly summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA on MMP-2, MMP-9 and their roles in the occurrence and development of AA, so as to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of AA.