Drug compatibility is the key guiding ideology of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions, and it is also an important content of the modernization research of traditional Chinese medicine. Danshen and Chuanxiong are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine clinic to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, stroke and atherosclerosis, etc. Recent studies have found that Danshen-Chuanxiong herbal pair is the most common combination in traditional Chinese medicine for blood-activating and stasis-removing, which can exert pharmacological effects such as anti-atherosclerosis, alleviation of vascular endothelial injury, anti-inflammatory response, anti-ischemia/reperfusion injury, and anti-thrombosis. This paper systematically expounds the research on Danshen-Chuanxiong herbal pair from the aspects of material basis, mechanism of action, and clinical application, and provides a basis for the rational application and effective development of modern Chinese medicine based on the Danshen-Chuanxiong herbal pair.