Coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)is a highly effective method in the treatment of coronary heart disease(CAD).However,its effectiveness is impeded by the limited life expectancy of vein grafts,which are the most common types of conduits used.Many reports presented follow-up angiographic data on large cohorts of patients,demonstrating that approximately one-half of vein grafts fail within 10 to 15 years of surgery and that graft failure is associated with worse clinical outcomes.Therefore,understanding the venous-specifc pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of vein graft adaptation is important for clinical vein graft management.This overview describes the normal development and regulation of vessel,compares the differences between artery and vein,introduces the adaptive response of vein graft to the arterial environment during the post-surgical process and its molecular mechanism,and discusses various therapeutic prospects.