Many human and animal model studies have shown a link between infection and atherosclerosis. Infectious factors provide major stimuli for the development and progression of inflammation by causing changes in cells and molecules. Inflammation is an important mechanism of atherosclerosis. Infection can be divided into direct and indirect effects on atherosclerosis. From the current part of the experiment,the anti-infective treatment may have a positive effect on the formation of atherosclerosis. It can reduce the formation of atherosclerosis by reducing inflammatory stimuli and regulating cytokines. It introduces two hypotheses of infection burden and molecular mimicry. The possible mechanism of negative antibiotic test has guiding significance for further clinical and experimental research in the future.