Coronary artery calcification is a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.A variety of factors are associated with the development and progression of coronary artery calcification, including gender, age, persistent inflammatory status, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to non-traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease to open up new ideas of the primary prevention of coronary artery calcification. Developing imaging techniques have also helped in the early detection and mechanism of coronary artery calcification. This article will focus on the high-risk factors, mechanisms, inspection method, clinical significance and treatment progress of coronary artery calcification, aiming to improve people's further understanding and attention to coronary artery calcification.