Atherosclerosis is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Endothelial cells lining blood vessels are a barrier with selective permeability between blood vessel wall and blood flow, and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of blood vessels. Dysfunction of vascular barrier function is one of the important steps in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that hemodynamics can significantly affect the endothelial barrier function. Abnormal blood flow pattern such as disturbed flow and oscillatory flow can significantly change the permeability of vascular endothelium and even induce breaches of the arterial intima. By focusing on the latest research results on material exchange inside and outside of endothelial cells and arterial intimal rupture, the study reviews the influence of hemodynamic changes on the function of vascular endothelial cell barrier, and discusses the fields worthy of further study, so as to provide a new idea for further elucidating the mechanism of the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and the selection of effective prevention and treatment strategies.