Aim To analyze the characteristics of vascular calcification (VC) in aortic dissection (AD) of patients with essential hypertension. Methods From January 2010 to December 5,0 patients with essential hypertension diagnosed as AD by computed tomography angiography (CTA) in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were selected as the AD group, and 30 cases of essential hypertension and aortic CTA showed no aortic disease were as the control group. Characteristics of aortic calcification in two groups of people and patients with different Stanford types of AD were analyzed by CTA and Agatston scoring system. Results Compared with the control group, the VC incidence of descending aorta increased and the VC incidence of aortic arch decreased in AD group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the Agatston score and the incidence of VC with different degrees (P＞0.05). Patients in group AD were divided into two subgroups:Stanford A type and Stanford B type. There was no significant differences in the clinical data and the incidences of VC in aorta and different parts of the two subgroups (P＞0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with AD lesions were:low density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 3.7,5%CI 1.234-9.354, P＝0.018), irregular use of antihypertensive drugs (OR 20.7,5%CI 2.326-179.233, P＝0.006), VC incidence of aortic arch (OR 0.7,5%CI 0.002-0.357, P＝0.006) and VC incidence of descending aorta (OR 35.6,5%CI 2.475-512.27, P＝0.009). Conclusion The differences of calcification in different parts of aorta in patients with essential hypertension may be an important link of hypertension in promoting AD lesion.