Recently, clinicians pay more attention to coronary microcirculation dysfunction, and a series of evaluation indexes for microcirculation appeared. However, there is not much research on the treatment of coronary microcirculation dysfunction. The symptoms of ischemic heart disease of women are more obvious than that of men. But it's more difficult to detect obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. The prognosis in patients with coronary microcirculation dysfunction is worse in women. This review reviews the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis progress of coronary microcirculation dysfunction, especially the sex differences in incidence and prognosis.