Atherosclerosis (As) disease, under the influence of various vulnerable factors, eventually leads to the formation and rupture of plaques. In this process, the quantity and permeability of plaque neovascularization are the key factors. Therefore, the regulation of angiogenesis has become a therapeutic strategy for As disease in recent years. However, there are some limitations only by inhibiting the development of new blood vessels, and how to promote the maturation of vasa vasorum in the plaque will become a new way to stabilize the vulnerable plaque of As. In this paper, we review the growth factors and signaling pathways related to the maturation of vasa vasorum, in order to lay a theoretical foundation for the new treatment of vulnerable plaque in As.