Aim To explore the effect of anti-Helicobacter pylori (Hp) on the oxidative stress related indicators and prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods In 125 cases of patients with ACI, routine 14C urea breath test was performed to detect Hp infection. 84 cases of Hp infection were randomly divided into treatment group of 42 cases and control group of 42 cases. Two groups were given conventional drug therapy, and treatment group was added with anti-Hp therapy. Serum oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in all patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The changes of ox-LDL and SOD were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The neural function recovery was observed, and the recurrence rate of cerebral infarction was observed in half year and 1 year. Results Hp infection rate was 67.2% in 125 patients with ACI. With the increase of Hp infection degree, serum ox-LDL level was increased (F＝16.143, P＜0.01) and SOD level was decreased (F＝55.686, P＜0.01). After treatment, serum ox-LDL level in treatment group was lower than that in control group (P＜0.01), and SOD level was higher than that in control group (P＜0.01). The total effective rate of neural function recovery in treatment group was higher than that in control group (P＜0.01). The recurrence rates of cerebral infarction in treatment group were lower than those in control group in half year and 1 year (P＜0.05). Conclusions Hp infection is an important risk factor for ACI. Active anti-Hp treatment can significantly reduce the oxidative stress reaction in patients with cerebral infarction, improve the efficiency of treatment, and reduce the recurrence rate of cerebral infarction in the short term.