Aim By testing cholesterol absorption and synthesis markers of hyperlipidemia patients reveals cholesterol metabolism traits and correlation between the blood lipids and other risk factors. Methods 53 hyperlipidemia patients and 50 healthy persons were enlisted to detect liver and kidney function, serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and other indicators, and serum markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption were determined by gas chromatogram. Results Squalene, lathosterol synthesis rate in patients with hyperlipidemia were higher than those in healthy control group (P＜0.05). Stigmasterol absorption markers were higher than those in healthy control group (P＜0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed the independent influencing factors of TG were LDLC and campesterol, the independent influencing factors of TG were LDLC and desmosterol, independent factors of TC and TG in health control group were LDLC and lathosterol. Conclusions Cholesterol metabolism markers in patients with hyperlipidemia were significantly higher than those in healthy control group in squalene, lathosterol, and the decreased rate of stigmasterol cholesterol absorption that results in increasing absorption of cholesterol was lower than healthy control group. The independent risk factors affecting TC and TG of hyperlipidemia group were cholesterol synthesis (dehydrogenation cholesterol) and cholesterol absorption markers (campesterol) except LDLC.