Aim To investigate the relationship between HSP70-hom(2437 T/C) single nucleotide polymorphism and hypertension, and to analyze the population distribution of this polymorphism. Methods Samples were collected through epidemiological surveys. The HSP70-hom single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Samples of 1291 cases(male 446 cases, female 845 cases) were analyzed, including 359 cases(male 138 cases, female 221 cases) in hypertension group, and 455 cases(male 134 cases, female 321 cases) in control group, excluding 477 cases with diabetes, liver, kidney, heart disease and cancer etc. Results The distributions of HSP70-hom single nucleotide polymorphism in the population were genotype CC 6%, CT 38% and TT 56%, allele C 25% and T 75%. The distribution of the 3 genotypes had statistical difference between men and women(χ²＝7.96, P＝0.029), and the distribution of alleles also had significant difference between men and women(χ²＝3.97, P＝0.046). The distribution of CC＋CT and TT genotypes had significant difference(χ²＝4.25, P＝0.039), and the distribution difference of allele C and T also had statistical significance(χ²＝4.769, P＝0.029), between male hypertension group and male control group. While all genotypes and alleles had no significant difference between female hypertension group and female control group. Conclusion HSP70-hom single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with male hypertension, and TT genotype and T allele may be the susceptible factors.