Aim To study the relationship between Ca^2＋/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅳ （CaMKⅣ） in Xinjiang Kazakh populations and patients with essential hypertension （EH）. Methods Based on case-control study,70 patients with EH and 65 subjects with normal blood pressure were selected from Hankazi township of Xinjiang where Kazakh people live relatively fixed. By physical examination and questionnaire,basic data and blood samples were collected. Serum CaMKⅣ level was detected by using double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum CaMKⅣ level in EH group was significantly lower than that in normal blood pressure group （P<0.01）. There were no correlation between serum CaMKⅣ and total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol （all P>0.05）. There were no correlation between serum CaMKⅣ and systolic blood pressure （SBP）,diastolic blood pressure （DBP） in the normal blood pressure group. There were negative correlation with SBP,DBP in EH group,more obviously correlated with the latter （r＝－0.291,－0.381,all P<0.05）. CaMKⅣ had more obvious correlation with patients whose diastolic blood pressure was no less than 100 mmHg （r＝－0.411,P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum CaMKⅣ had evidently protective effect to essential hypertension （OR was 0.930,95%CI was 0.909～0.952）. Conclusions Serum CaMKⅣ has independently negative correlation with EH of Kazakh populations in Xinjiang,and it is an independent factor of EH.