Aim To explore the impact of Bailing capsule on the cellular immune function of type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. Methods 108 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, and 40 cases of healthy person were classified as healthy group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapy, and patients in the treatment group received Bailing capsule additionally. All of them were treated for 12 weeks. The main biochemical indicators were detected. The levels of T cells （CD3＋, CD3＋CD4＋, CD3＋CD8＋）, B cells （CD3－CD19＋）, NK cells （CD3－CD16＋CD56＋）, and NKT cells （CD3＋CD16＋CD56＋） were detected by flow cytometry. Results After treatment, serum CysC and 24 h urinary protein decreased greatly （P<0.05）, and those of the treatment group decreased more obviously （P<0.05）. As far as the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets distribution was concerned, there were obvious differences between healthy group and type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. After treatment, the lymphocyte subsets distribution in control group did not change obviously in the treatment group, CD3＋, CD3＋CD4＋, CD3＋CD8＋, CD3－CD16＋CD56＋, CD3＋CD16＋CD56＋ cell percentage increased, CD3－CD19＋ cell percentage and the ratio of CD4＋/CD8＋ decreased （P<0.05）, and there were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Bailing capsule can regulate the cellular immune dysfunction of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.