Since 1931 deuterium has been founded, the biological effect of deuterium depleted water has aroused wide concern on all kinds of living organisms. Because biological process of living organisms is very sensitive on concentration changes of the deuterium, reduced deuterium concentration can stimulate growth of living organism. And the high deuterium concentration can cause different kinds of damage. In this paper, advances of deuterium depleted water in medicine are summarized, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, aging, radiation, and tumor.